Increasing demands are being placed on battery power for undersea applications such as vehicle propulsion, operating portable equipment such as cameras or measurement devices, and operating installed equipment such as telecom infrastructure. Factors such as longer missions and higher peak-energy demands from more sophisticated and intelligent systems call for greater energy density, improved reliability, greater safety and high resilience to the elevated pressures experienced in undersea environments. Overall, the design of the battery system must ensure high levels of reliability and safety, so as to minimise danger to personnel as well as disadvantages such as property loss, down time, mission failure, and high maintenance costs resulting from battery failures in the field. Lithium battery technology has several advantages over other types, particularly its higher energy density. However, creating a lithium-based battery system capable of delivering the optimum performance and meeting reliability and safety-acceptance criteria, at the right price, demands careful attention to aspects such as cell technology, cell balancing, charge control and production quality.
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